English Romanticism And Its Characteristics

English Romanticism And Its Characteristics Romanticism as a trend in art and literature of England emerged in the 90th of XVIII century. Romanticism in England took shape earlier than in other Western European countries, it had its vivid specificity and individualism. Its most bright representatives were William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Thomas Moore, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walter Scott, John Keats and others, who have left a rich heritage in the literature of England and contributed to the world literature. Romanticism is one of the most controversial trends in European literature, in the literature Romanticism is mostly understood not only as a formal literary trend, but as a certain philosophy, and it is through this philosophy that we try to define Romanticism. One of the features of Romanticism in England was its magnificent lyric poetry, especially lyric poetry, in which the identity of the poet was brightly expressed in whatever he wrote. English poets framed their observations and views in parables, fantastic visions, cosmic symbolism. Sublime things and feelings were understood by them not only as something exclusive, but that could be present in the simplest things, in everyday life. One of the characteristics of romantic literature was a special attention to the spiritual world of man, but, in contrast to the sentimental literature, Romantics were interested not in an ordinary man, but the exceptional man in the exceptional circumstances. Romantic hero is experiencing violent emotions, is striving for perfection, dreams of an ideal. Romantic hero loves and sometimes idealizes the Middle Ages time, pristine nature, in powerful forms of which he sees reflection of his strong and conflicting emotions. When characterizing the relation of romantic writers and poets to the world, it is important to point aspiration to the ideal, human impulses and feelings, the belief that not logic and knowledge but intuition and imagination could reveal all the mysteries of life. But it is aspiration to the ideal, sometimes illusory or unattainable, that lead to rejection of everyday life which did not meet that ideal. Therefore, the romantic heroes had an internal duality, forced to live in two disparate worlds of the ideal and reality, sometimes coming in protest not only against the bone of reality, but also against the divine world order. Here came the so-called romantic irony of a man in relation to an established reality, that the average man took seriously. In general, the idea is often combined with irony, that is the peculiarity of English literature at all stages of its development. English Romantics were especially interested in social problems, as to the modern bourgeois society they opposed the old, pre-bourgeois relations, they glorified nature and simple, natural feelings. Bright representative of English Romanticism is Byron, who, according to critics, clothed in a dull hopeless romanticism and selfishness. His works are full of pathos of struggle and protest against the modern world, glorifying freedom and individualism. Understanding of nature and its image in the works of the Romantics In the late XVIII early XIX century the very understanding of nature has changed. First of all, it was associated with changes in life philosophy and world view of romantics, who then explained all the phenomena from another point of view, different from the medieval and enlightenment views. The change in the philosophy of the world spirit and in understanding of nature had effects on the romantic image of the landscape: Romantics view the world spirit as a basic principle of nature, as weak, vacillating, the least comprehensible and most mysterious part of nature. With this understanding of nature, the image of nature and landscape appeared as dual: the nature itself and also the spirit that filled it and governed it. Some critics argue that the difference of the romantic interpretation of the nature was in the fact that romanticism tried to carry balance of the world of pure ideas with the world of tangible and visible things, eliminating their opposition. (Abrams, 1975) These questions are very important, because the nature of romantic poetry has saved not only the aesthetic value of artistic expression of its philosophy, but also it reflected a truly profound ideas and experiences, great human emotions. It is important to stress the fact that according to Romantics, nature in general and all its parts have specific features of the human soul. Though it is important to say that such personalization and conception of nature as subordinate to the world spirit is very important peculiarity of romantic literature, because it reflects the problem of mans relationship to the world. Thus, the very meaning of nature in the XVIII and XIX centuries was entirely different. What is the something else, something new that distinguishes a romantic view of nature from its premises? Scientific literature emphasizes such characteristics of views and attitudes towards nature in romantic works: the deep romanticism subjectivity, the subjectivity of nature, precise, individual attitude to the subjects of nature; projection of mood of the writer on nature and vice versa; the identification of the sensitive subject with nature; the animation of nature by subjective emotions of the poet; passionate relationship of man to nature. (Moore J, 2010) Subjectivity of nature is a broader concept than the organic view of Romantics on nature, as this concept unites a wide range of romantic poets. In English and in German literature subjectivity of nature is expressed more explicitly than other literatures. Example of words of Byron, who very often expressed his love to nature, points to the fact that the subjective relationship with nature is very important feature of Romanticism. There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is a rapture on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar: I love not man the less, but Nature more. (Byron G.G., Childe Harolds Pilgrimage) The main aspect in the romantic view on the nature is its subjectivity, the corresponding correlation of the poets mood with the natural world. It is a subjective interpretation of nature that is widely used by Romantic poets, and such features as variety of moral epithets, passion, and association of objects with personal these are the most obvious examples of this poetic temperament. Nature knows, loves, suffers and dreams, like a man, and together with the man. (Moore, 2010) Thus, the Romanticism is characterized by a sense of unity between man and nature, but this is not always expressed in the pantheistic forms, and may be associated with different ideological positions. Moreover, this unity can act in the forms of dualistic split, when nature embodies peace and harmony, and is opposed to sufferings and disharmony of human relationship. Passionate experience of relationship between the hero and nature is inherent to all romantics, though it may be shown differently by different romantic poets. On the one hand, in their writings dominate the image of landscape, which reflects their search for beauty, for picturesque images. On the other, they pay more attention to the state of the human soul and his feelings, and so the image of nature is a projection of the state of the soul, and the poet turns from the descriptions of nature to description of feelings, mixing them and showing relationship between them. Thus, the declaration of the relationship of natu re with the inner world of man is an important practice in works of romantic poets. (Perkins, 1994) It is the hour when from the boughs The nightingales high note is heard; It is the hour when lovers vows Seem sweet in every whispered word; And gentle winds, and waters near, Make music to the lonely ear. Each flower the dews have lightly wet, And in the sky the stars are met, And on the wave is deeper blue, And on the leaf a browner hue, And in the heaven that clear obscure, So softly dark, and darkly pure. Which follows the decline of day, As twilight melts beneath the moon away. (Byron G., Parisina (st. 1) It is important to note that for romantic poets nature was an expression of spiritual life, where they saw the mirror reflection of either their own soul, or the ideal life that constituted the object of their dreams. Therefore, in their works nature is endowed with more deep meaning, than the meaning of words. Animation, humanization of nature in perception, imagination was one of the favorite motifs of poets. In contrast to the dead to society, which kills a living soul in the pursuit of profit, career, power, the nature comes to life, filled with the spiritual life of people. In this case they usually have in mind the wild nature, untouched by man, which gives rest, forgetfulness and peace. Sometimes the opposition of society and nature took the form of an antithesis of town and country, and then under the nature was meant idyllic countryside, dramatically different from a nervous and noisy city. In contrast to the false and empty society, in nature everything is simple, genuine and harmonious. An example of the poetic chanting of nature were the works of lyrical poet John Keats, who wrote on the high themes of love, beauty and art art. In his poem Autumn (1820) Keats went completely from the mythological imagery, creating a picture of autumn the time of a sad farewell to the past before the harsh winter. Landscape in the poem is associated with the image of a simple man a peasant who lives in a perpetual work. Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; To bend with apples the mossd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the coreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Keats J. To Autumn, in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2005) The contradiction between the dream and the reality the romantic poet Keats expressed as a contradiction between the desired ideal of beauty and bourgeois prose. Keatss admiration for the beauty was not, however, fled from life, from the problems of reality. In his poetry, he showed the truth of life, the essence of reality, he poeticized the beauty that was hidden in life under the cover of some ugly things. But when the melancholy fit shall fall Sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud, That fosters the droop-headed flowers all, And hides the green hill in an April shroud; Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose, Or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave, Or on the wealth of globà ¨d peonies; Or if thy mistress some rich anger shows, Emprison her soft hand, and let her rave, And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes. (Keats J. , Ode on Melancholy, The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2005 ) Another prominent representative of Romantic literature in England was Lord George Gordon Byron. Byron was committed to the educational ideals and aesthetics of classicism, but he was a romantic poet. In his work the recognition of the classic rigor and clarity was combined with the image of the complex and ambiguous feelings, painted in a gloomy mood, but also with irony. The moon is up, and yet it is not night; Sunset divides the sky with her; a sea Of glory streams along the Alpine height Of blue Friulis mountains; Heaven is free From clouds, but of all colours seems to be. (Byron G. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, A Romaunt, Canto IV, XXVII) In the romantic poems we see the strong desire to image bright and sharp contrasts , also in the image of nature. Romantics often sought to portray a violent nature, and Byron seemed liked the the presence of danger, a storm for him was a symbol of the great, though often fatal passions. Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean-roll! Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain; Man marks the earth with ruin-his control Stops with the shore;-upon the watery plain The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Byron G. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, Canto II, CLXXIX) Aspiration to an ideal and admiration of the perfect beauty of the nature can be found in the beautiful poems of Percy Shelley. The character of pictures of nature by Shelley organically derives from his philosophical views, based on the knowledge of the history of philosophy from ancient times, from truly encyclopedic knowledge. Shelley sometimes animates the nature, gives it consciousness and characteristics of highest creation he signs a hymn to the Spirit of Nature, by declaring the entire Universe as its temple. The influence of the materialist: it were ideas of Enlightenment and the Renaissance that played a decisive role in the evolution of philosophical views of Shelley. In Ode to the West Wind (1819) the symbolic image of the West Wind is the idea of renewal of life: the west wind destroys everything old in its path and helps to create new. The lyrical hero-champion is one with the mighty power of the West Wind. O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic redà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear! (Shelley P.B., Ode To The West Wind, I) Shelley shows the magic power of the wind magically, describing its role as destroyer and preserver, by powerful natural metaphors the poet expresses his ideas about the power and great effect of the nature. Thus, we can see that the Romantic poets often showed the nature as free, powerful and beautiful world that is different from the human. Especially romantic poets liked to portray the sea in this sense, its boundless scope and majestic power, the wind, which has unlimited power and freedom, and the mountains with their grandeur and sublime beauty. In this case, the freedom and the power of natural elements have a figurative meaning, associated with free and powerful human spirit. Conclusion Romanticism is characterized by a sense of unity between man and nature. Consequently, the most importantly in the romantic views of nature is subjectivity, the corresponding correlation of the poets mood with the natural world. The romantic perception of nature is not just individual attitude of the subject to the outside world, but the nature helps to express the attitude of individual to the social conditions of his existence. In the perception and evaluation of the nature is expressed the relationship of the individual to the public life, to the meaning of human existence.

perspective :: essays research papers

Perspective I understand perspective as being your own understanding as well as your own interpretation of anything you read or witness. It is also your own insight and beliefs on the hidden nature of things. Perspective is the way you and only you analyze a situation. It can be shared with other’s who share your same perspective, as well as being shared with other’s who have their own insight which will be a total opposite of yours. In 1965 Malcolm X had made a statement â€Å"you have to be careful, very careful, introducing the truth to the Black man who has never previously heard the truth about himself, his own kind, and the white man†¦ The Black brother is so brainwashed that he may even be repelled when he first hears the truth†. Reading Malcolm X’s statement as well as absorbing many of the material I’ve accumulated in class I strongly believe having a perspective is important, but having your own perspective is even more important. When having your own beliefs you won’t be so gullible, as well as easily fooled on what’s being done to you or around you, You’ll have a clear insight and won’t be taken advantage of. Having your own outlook, you could make changes that are more helpful to you and others, rather than harming you and what’s around you. In the past, when the Negroes were uneducated and didn’t know any better they had no perspective and were easily fooled thinking everything was the way it was supposed to be. For instance the white man took the Africans and had them believing in the Christianity religion. This was brainwashing the Africans to believe god has made them inferior to the white man. By having no perspective of there own they believe d this perspective and remained a slave, thinking they was doing the right thing. Now having a clear thought, we don’t let harmful things get passed us without attempting to make correction for the better. For example when the racism was a huge issue, and we were severely mistreated by many whites as well as the Police Department in the late 60’s and 70’s, an organization by the name of the Black Panther Party was formed. They had fought for our rights as well as our right to be treated equal to others. Having a perspective we are now able to serve and make beneficial changes for others as well as ourselves. perspective :: essays research papers Perspective I understand perspective as being your own understanding as well as your own interpretation of anything you read or witness. It is also your own insight and beliefs on the hidden nature of things. Perspective is the way you and only you analyze a situation. It can be shared with other’s who share your same perspective, as well as being shared with other’s who have their own insight which will be a total opposite of yours. In 1965 Malcolm X had made a statement â€Å"you have to be careful, very careful, introducing the truth to the Black man who has never previously heard the truth about himself, his own kind, and the white man†¦ The Black brother is so brainwashed that he may even be repelled when he first hears the truth†. Reading Malcolm X’s statement as well as absorbing many of the material I’ve accumulated in class I strongly believe having a perspective is important, but having your own perspective is even more important. When having your own beliefs you won’t be so gullible, as well as easily fooled on what’s being done to you or around you, You’ll have a clear insight and won’t be taken advantage of. Having your own outlook, you could make changes that are more helpful to you and others, rather than harming you and what’s around you. In the past, when the Negroes were uneducated and didn’t know any better they had no perspective and were easily fooled thinking everything was the way it was supposed to be. For instance the white man took the Africans and had them believing in the Christianity religion. This was brainwashing the Africans to believe god has made them inferior to the white man. By having no perspective of there own they believe d this perspective and remained a slave, thinking they was doing the right thing. Now having a clear thought, we don’t let harmful things get passed us without attempting to make correction for the better. For example when the racism was a huge issue, and we were severely mistreated by many whites as well as the Police Department in the late 60’s and 70’s, an organization by the name of the Black Panther Party was formed. They had fought for our rights as well as our right to be treated equal to others. Having a perspective we are now able to serve and make beneficial changes for others as well as ourselves.

English – Courage

It might be said: Courage No one is born with courage, but rather born with the potential to be courageous. Courage is not always an act of great bravery, but can also be expressed in the most average day to day actions. But when death is staring into your eyes, only a handful of people can persevere through the hardships and challenges using the courage in their hearts. Courage is being scared to death†¦ and saddling up anyway.Many composers portray courage in the presence of death, danger and fear and show that to be able to go beyond the boundaries of death, danger and fear one must show the courage to stare into the eyes of death itself. Roberto Benigni in his film ‘Life is Beautiful' (1997), Sir Alfred Lord Tennyson in his poem ‘Charge of the Light Brigade' (1854) and Andrew Stanton's ‘Finding Nemo' (2003) all contain characters who display tremendous amount of courage and be able to stand up against life risking situations.In these texts, composers have i mplemented techniques to show that courage is fumed by the feelings of determination, love and to save a life. To be able to act upon a life risking situations one must show determination. Roberto Benigni's film, ‘Life is Beautiful' is ‘jam-packed' with characters that show extremely courageous characteristics who are ambitious and make a genuine attempt to maintain them. The character Dora displays the feelings of determination as she attempts to unite with her family, as her son, husband and uncle are forced on a train which is transferring them to a concentration camp.Dora understanding that this train will lead to unavoidable danger is the courage that was displayed. Dora asks the officer courteously to get on the train, when she is rejected her tone and facial expressions suddenly change into a more serious state when she demands, â€Å"I want to get on that train. Did you hear me? I want to get on that train! † It is evident through this speech that Dora is determined to stay with her family, because she believes her family is undoubtedly worth risking her life for.In addition to the speech, Dora's outfit is bright red and symbolises her ambition, love and determination. Her beautiful red coat juxtaposes with the situation and environment, as her clothing portrays courage and on the contrary the smoke filled sky and the gloomy colours of the soldiers portray the tragedy the train is headed towards. This scene clearly shows Dora's determination, displaying her courage to act upon a situation leading to unknown dangers. As well as Benigni, Alfred Lord Tennyson also shows the need of determination when being courageous.Tennyson's poem is about soldiers fighting for what they believe in, knowing death can be just around the corner. Similar to Dora, the Light Brigade soldiers must show determination in order to accomplish and reach their goals. The repetition of â€Å"Into the valley of death, Rode the six hundred† symbolises a point of no return, where death is imminent. It also emphasises on the immense need for determination for them to advance into a fearsome clash of swords. â€Å"Volley'd and thunder'd,† the onomatopoeia instills a strong sense of fear into the soldiers and emphasises on the inescapable danger of the situation.The constant verbs and visual imagery allows the reader to feel and see the horrors of the battle allowing them to understand their determination. Both texts depict the necessity of determination to show courage specifically in a wartime period. It is the determination shown by Dora and the soldiers which allows their audiences to truly see the courage displayed when faced against death, danger and fear. It might be said: Determination is not the solitary factor to be courageous. It is also evident that love has a crucial effect on an individual to be courageous.The central figure in ‘Life is Beautiful', Guido, shows an intense amount of courage and it is all done out o f love for his son. When they are at the concentration camp Guido sacrifices many things in order to keep is son happy and nescient of the fact that the situation is ominous. In order to keep his son nescient, Guido, pretends to be a German translator, changing the rules about the camp to be about a game he made up for his son. The strong aggressive tone of the officer is antagonised by Guido's humour and the tense situation was also juxtaposed by the constant close ups ofJoshua's cheerful and bright face. It is this scene were Guido has placed himself in an intense situation which displays the love and courage within him. The officers are shown holding weapons and speaking in an aggressive town but it is also the background knowledge of the situation which allows the audience to understand the immense danger that is present. It is this knowledge of immense danger that portrays Guido's courage – fumed by love for his son – to put himself in a situation where he is gamb ling with his life.Alfred Tennyson's ‘Charge of the Light Brigade' does not only show determination, but also emphasises the love the soldiers hold towards their country. â€Å"Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Their but to do and die,† the repetition of ‘Theirs' shows the soldiers's patriotism because it emphasises the soldiers do it without question, they completely trust their commander's words and will do whatever necessary to bring their country to victory. The love of the soldiers is what shines their courage. Cannon to the right/left/in front,† uses visual imagery to show the intended audience the unavoidable danger that is present, but the soldiers advance forward, marching with courage shining with love for their country. The love Guido and the soldiers have are similar because it is purely acting on their own will, and consecutively for the sake of someone other than themselves. It is evident the soldiers have tremendous courage t o charge into the ‘jaws of Death' and doing so by acting upon the words of their commander – out of love for their country – which they did not question, and only obeyed.The notion that determination and love are needed to be courageous are not the only factors in this concept. It is also evident the ‘want' to save a life plays a significant impact on an individual performing a courageous act. Guido, in the climax of the film, leaves the salvation of his room in order to search for his wife and to save her from the rotting camp. With the constant sounds of explosion and gunshots and with the contextual knowledge of the situation it allows the intended audience to view his courage and his will to save his wife.By only stepping out of the sleeping rooms, Guido had put himself in imminent danger and death can hit him at any time, but Guido courageously pushed forward in order to save his wife's life. Andrew Stanton's ‘Finding Nemo' is about a ‘fish ' father who courageously and desperately travels across the world in search for his son. Marlin and his companion Dory encounter numerous situations where they had placed themselves in a life threatening situation.In order to find where his son is kept captive Marlin must keep a dangerous, aggressive and hungry fish distracted while Dory reads a piece of writing that leads to Nemo. Marlin is in an extremely dangerous position where he has become the bait and from the contextual knowledge of the situation it is evident the courage displayed by Marlin is driven by the feelings of saving his son. The speed of the music and camera shots gradually increase to a higher pace, camera angles change accordingly allowing the intended audience to feel the suspense of the situation.Both composers – Bengini and Stanton – used the camera techniques, and sound to their advantage to create a suspenseful scene and to show how dangerous the situation is. Both protagonists put themselves in extreme danger in order to save a life. This evidently shows the courage driven by the ambition to save a life, even when faced by imminent danger. It might be said: The composers used different techniques and ideas to show the fundamentals of courage in their texts.Through their knowledge and perception of the world they all showed determination, love and saving a life, in different forms. It is evident that courage is being scared to death and still being able to continue, as there is nothing more feared than death itself. The characters and situations discussed in the different texts proved to show that determination, love and saving a life are all a necessity to being courageous against a life threatening situation and hopefully their intended message of courage is clearly depicted to all intended audiences. finished

How Is the ACT Scored

How Is the ACT Scored SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re beginning to study for the ACT,you’re probably wondering how the ACT is scored. Understanding the ACT scoring system can give you a huge leg up as you set goals and make a study plan. Read on to learn how the ACT is scored, section by section, with official ACT scoring charts. We also include our five top strategies related to ACT scoring so you can use this information to your advantage. Overview of ACT Scoring So how is the ACT scored? The ACT has four sections, sometimes called subject areas: English, Math, Reading, and Science. Each subject area is given a scaled score between 1 and 36. Those area scores are then averaged into your composite score, which also ranges between 1 and 36. So where do those scaled scores come from? The scaled scores from 1 to 36 are converted from your raw scores on each of the subject areas. Your raw score is simply the total number of questions you answer correctly in each section. There is no point deduction for wrong answers on the ACT. How Are Raw ACT Scores Turned Into Scaled Scores? The first thing to understand about ACT scores is that the score you get for each subject area, between 1 and 36, is a scaled score. That scaled score is converted from your raw score. The reason the ACT (as well as other standardized tests) uses scaled scores is to make sure their scores are consistent across multiple test dates. In other words, they have to make sure a 28 on an April ACT represents the same level of skill as a 28 on a June ACT. Scaling is not curving your score relative to the scores of other students who take the test the same day as you.What scaling does is analyze average scores for each version of the ACT to ensureno test date is easier or harder than another. The ACT provides a table in their Preparing for the ACT guide that estimates how certain raw scores will translate into scaled scores on each section of the ACT. Via Preparing for the ACT. However, the process of scaling means that on different editions of the ACT, raw scores can translate to scaled scores differently. In other words, these numbers aren’t set in stone, but they can give you an idea of what raw score to shoot for on each section. How Is My Composite ACT Score Computed? To recap, we know that you get a score of between 1 and 36 for each subject area, which is converted from your raw score. But how do those four area scores combine to your final composite score? Your composite score is simply the average of your four area scores, rounded up to the nearest whole number (half a point or more is rounded up, less than half a point is rounded down). For example, say you got a 24 on the Math section, 23 on Science, 26 on Reading, and 25 on English. Your composite score would be: (24 + 23 + 26 + 25) / 4 = 24.5 This would be rounded up to 25. What Are the ACT Subscores? In addition to your main composite score and your four subject area scores, the ACT also gives you subscores in three of the four subject areas. English, Math, and Reading all have subscores, which give you more information about your strengths and weaknesses in each subject. Subscores range from 1 to 18, and they are also scaled from your raw score. However, there is no direct relationship between your subscores and your final scaled score (for example, your subscores do not add up to your scaled score). Your subscore just gives you more information about your performance and where you might want to improve. Should you worry about these? No. Colleges care most about your composite score on the ACT, and they will also look at your four subject area scores. However, you can use the ACT’s subscores to help you prepare for the test since they break the subject areas down into manageable categories. To help with that process, we are going to break down each section of the ACT. ACT Section Breakdown In this section, you will learn how many raw points are possible on each section of the ACT, what the subscores are, and how scores are calculated. English The English section of the ACT has 75 multiple-choice questions, meaning the highest raw score you can earn is 75. Remember that your raw score is just the total number of questions you answer correctly. Questions you leave blank or answer incorrectly are simply not added on to your raw score. The subscores on the English section are for Usage/Mechanics (40 questions) and Rhetorical Skills (35 questions). For more on what these questions are like, see our guide. To give a scoring example, say you answer 55 questions correctly on the English section, get 15 wrong, and leave 5 blank. Your raw score will be 55, the total amount of questions you got right. Using ACT’s table above, we can estimate that araw score of 55 would get a scaled score of 23. Mathematics The Math section of the ACT has 60 questions total, meaning the highest possible raw score is 60. The subscores are given for Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra (24 questions), Intermediate Algebra/Coordinate Geometry (18 questions) and Plane Geometry/Trigonometry-based problems (18 questions). For more on the Math section’s content, see our guide. Say you got 45 questions right, 12 wrong, and left 3 blank. Your raw score would be 45, which ACT estimates would scale to a 27. Reading The Reading section has 40 questions total, so your highest raw score here is 40. The subscores are given for Social Studies/Natural Sciences reading skills (20 questions) and for Arts/Literature reading skills (20 questions). For more detailed info on the reading section, see our guide to ACT Reading. Science The science section has 40 questions total, like the reading section, so the highest raw score here is 40. It is the only ACT section that does not have subscores, though it still has three distinct question types: data representation, research summaries, and conflicting viewpoints. For more on science section content, check out our guide. What If I Take the ACT Plus Writing? In addition to the four subject areas, it's also possible to take the ACT with an additional writing section. The writing section is not another multiple-choice section – it’s just the ACT with an essay added on. So how is the essay scored, and how will it affect your composite score?Your essay will be evaluated by two graders, who score your essay from 1-6 on each of four domains, leading to scores out of 12 for each domain. Your Writing score is calculated by averaging your four domain scores, leading to a total ACT Writing score from 2-12. Next, the ACT will combine your essay score with your English and Reading sections score and average them to give you an English/Language Arts subscore between 1 and 36. So does the writing score change your composite score? No. Your composite score is still just the average of the four multiple-choice sections. The essay gives more information about your writing skills, but does not affect your overall ACT score. So why take the ACT with Writing? Some colleges (especially top-tier ones) require the ACT be taken with Writing.If you’re not sure which version of the test to take, check the websites of the colleges you are interested in. They will list what standardized testing they require on their admissions checklists. If you took the ACT Plus Writing in or before June 2015, check out the table below to see how English test scaled scores are combined with the essay score for the overall writing subscore. Again, this is an estimate from an older edition of Preparing for the ACT, and the numbers could shift around slightly based on your test date. Via ACT.org How To Use This Information So now that you know how the ACT is scored, how can you use that info to get the biggest advantage on the test? Read on for our top five suggestions. #1: Hide a Weak Subject Since the ACT is averaged, not totaled, and there are four sections, you can "hide" a weak section more easily than on the SAT, which has three sections and totals your score. For example, say you struggle with math and got the following subject area scores on the ACT: Reading: 30 English: 29 Science: 31 Math: 22 While you might think your math score is going to drag down your composite, since it is only one-fourth of your score, its effect isn’t huge: (30 + 31 + 29 + 22) / 4 = 28 So even though your math score was a lot lower than the other three sections, you still come out with a 28 (which is, by the way, a 90th percentile score). While we are not recommending you don’t study for a certain section because it’s only one-fourth of your total ACT score, it is helpful to know that each subject area’s score will not make or break your composite. #2: Maximize Your Composite Score Since the composite is averaged, you should work to maximize your subject area scores that you are strong in as well as working to minimize weaknesses. Just focusing on trying to fix your weak spots could actually cause you to miss out on points. For example, say you have always excelled in English and history classes but struggle with math. You might think you should spend all of your ACT studying time drilling math problems. However, working to maximize your strengths – in this case reading and writing – could improve your score the most. Let’s take two scenarios. In the first, you spend all of your time studying for the math section and get the following scores: English: 28 Reading: 27 Math: 25 Science: 26 Composite: 27 Not bad! You got your math score up to a 25, which is just about the 80th percentile, and got a composite of 27, which is in the 87th. But what would have happened if you had spent some time on English and Reading and less time on math? Getting just five more raw points on both the English and Reading sections could have a huge boost to your score. If those are personal strengths, picking up five points should be easy with some smart studying. So let’s say you spend some time on English and Reading and earn five more raw points on each section, and less time on math: English: 33 Reading: 32 Math: 23 Science: 26 Composite: 29 So even if you got a lower score on math, the time spent studying on English and Reading could net you two higher section scores as opposed to just one, resulting in a higher composite. #3: Develop Target Raw Scores Using the ACT’s raw score to scaled score estimates, you can develop target raw scores for each section. This makes studying easier – thinking in terms of raw points is simpler when you are working through practice problems. For example, say you want to break a scaled score of 26 in each section. Looking at the raw-to-scaled-score table, you should aim for at least the following raw scores: English: 60/75 Reading: 31/40 Math: 43/60 Science: 30/40 Now this suggests a strategy - skipping questions. For example, if you're aiming for a raw score of 43 in Math, you can actually completely skip the last ten hardest questions (by bubbling in a random answer) and attempt 50 questions. This gives you more time per question, increasing the chance you will get more of them correct. Plus, even if you still miss seven of them, you'll get your raw score of 43! #4: Guess on Every Single Question - Leave No Bubble Unbubbled Since there is no guessing penalty on the ACT, the best way to maximize your score is to eliminate wrong answer choices and guess. We are not saying to rush through each section in order to answer every single question – as we saw above, you might have a target raw score that’s much lower than the total points possible. In that case, it makes sense to spend more time focusing on fewer questions. What this means is that if you do spend time on a question, even if you are not totally sure of the answer, it’s the best use of your time to eliminate some answer choices to give yourself the best shot at guessing the right answer. Furthermore, when the proctor says there is one minute remaining, go ahead and bubble every blank answer you have remaining. Even if you haven't looked at the question in the book, you aren't losing anything by guessing. You might pick up a raw point or two on each section this way, which can have a surprising effect on your scaled score, as we have seen. Try not to leave any blanks! #5: Understand How the Essay Affects Your Score If you take the ACT with Writing, you'll receive a composite plus your essay score. However, this doesn’t mean the essay should become the biggest priority on your study plan. Your subject area scores and composite score are the most important aspects of the ACT, so you should prioritize studying for the multiple-choice sections. For most colleges, your essay score is the least important part of your ACT score. This means that a low essay score may not have much of a negative impact on your applications if your composite ACT score is high. Don't blow the essay off if you're taking it, but you should prioritize studying for the other sections of the ACT. What's Next? Now that you know how the ACT is scored, get started with actually improving your ACT score. What's a good ACT score for college?Check out our step-by-step guide to figure out your target score. Deciding between the ACT and SAT?Read our detailed guide on which is easier. Are youwondering when you should sign up to take the ACT for the first time? This guide describes the most important considerations to help you choose the best test date for you. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The Future of Personalized Medicine Essays

The Future of Personalized Medicine Essays The Future of Personalized Medicine Essay The Future of Personalized Medicine Essay The Future of Personalized Medicine According to Cliff Mintz, personalized medicine is defined as â€Å"a young but rapidly advancing field of healthcare that is informed by each person’s unique clinical, genetic, genomic, and environmental information (Life Science Leader 2010). Personalized medicine is not the traditional medicine; however, personalized medicine is about combining genetic information with clinical data to optimally tailor drugs and doses to meet the patients’ needs. To some people, personalized medicine is the technology of the future; however, others feel that personalized medicine is already influencing patients. As time progresses, modern genetic technology will lead to personalized medicine. There are many benefits of personalized medicine as well as, drawbacks and limitations to personalized medicine. Modern Genetic Technology Leading to Personalized Medicine Modern technology is on its way to leading to personalized medicine. As a technology of the future, personalized medicine is the latest innovation for transformation of medicine, and technological advancements have enabled personalized medicine through the use of genetic testing. Introducing new treatment protocols, personalized medicine creates the ability to use molecular tracking elements that signal the risk of disease on a genetic level. According to Tony White in his speech given at the Weiss lecture, his company completed the human genome, and the biosystems provided them with the tools needed. During his speech, Mr. White stated â€Å"the broad map is just the beginning of the journey† (White 2002). We are already seeing the use of personalized medicine being used in cancer patients and even HIV patients. During his speech, Mr. White talks about the gene that produces a tumor suppressor protein called the p53 gene. For example, if the gene is too high then they can detect certain diseases , and if the gene is too low, then it can detect diseases as well. Another example of how modern echnology is leading to personalized medicine is the breast cancer treatment which is determined by the oncogene involved in the development of cancer, HER2. With patients with breast cancer, the HER2 oncogene is overexpressed, and physicians are able to treat the overexpressed gene through the use of a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the gene, Herceptin. Benefits of Personalized Medicine There are many benefits of personalized medicine not only to the patients and physicians, but to the drug companies as well. First of all, with matching therapeutics to specific DNA profiles, patients can be given the right medication because disease can be treated more successfully. Safer drugs doses can be prescribed; thus reducing negative side affects. Another benefit to personalized medicine is that there might be paths provided when looking for cures for cancer by being able to show why certain patients contract cancer and while others do not. In addition, you would be able to show why some patients survive cancer and why others do not survive cancer. In addition to disease control, physicians would be able to give patients more effective diagnoses; thus, resulting in better disease interventions. Personalized medicine will eliminate the need for using animals in the laboratory because human DNA will be used. Lastly, personalized medicine would greatly reduce healthcare costs as well as medical expenditures. According to drug makers, personalized medicine will expedite the time requirements associated with product developments. Not only expediting time requirements, personalized medicine will reduce healthcare costs to the patients because they will have a better cure for diseases; thus, reducing the amount office visits. Drawbacks of Personalized Medicine In addition to benefits of personalized medicine, there are also drawbacks of personalized medicine. According the article Genetics Genomics, the number one drawback for patients is the privacy implications. In a survey regarding the strongest drawbacks of personalized medicine, â€Å"misuse of information/invasion of privacy† was the highest (Genectics 2005). In addition, insurance companies may be able to deny coverage to patients based on their genetic information. Another drawback is that patients are under educated regarding personalized medicine, the genetic profile would possibly have a negative impact on the patients well being; thus, leading to stress and anxiety. Another challenge to personalized medicine is that molecular biomarkers have not been verified; therefore, the biomarkers are not able to be used in personalized medicine products. In addition, the FDA has not yet defined a regulatory approval because the regulators lack the knowledge needed to evaluate the tests required for personalized medication. Another drawback is that that healthcare provides may not have the ability to store and manage the large amounts of medical information. Lastly, if a healthcare provider had the ability to store large amounts of medical information, then this raises the issues of confidentially, access, and privacy concerns. In conclusion, finding cures and treatments for diseases is time consuming; in the end, healthier lives can be fulfilled through the use of personalized medicine. There are many drawbacks to personalized medicine; however, the benefits of personalized medicine outweigh the drawbacks. Technology is ever changing, and modern technology is leading to personalized medicine. In fact, we are seeing the use of personalized medicine through cancer patients and what the p53 gene depicts. Personalized medicine will have a major impact on establishing an individual’s genetic predisposition to certain diseases. Personalized medicine focuses on preventative medicine and interventions, and tools that decode human genomes will help link genetic variations to diseases. References â€Å"Genetics Genomics; Survey Shows Americans Want Genetic Information but Fear Privacy Implications. † Genomics Genetics Weekly. 02 Dec 2005:169. Mintz, Cliff. â€Å"Life Science Leader: The Potential of Personalized Medicine. † Feb. 2010 White, Tony. â€Å"Smart Medicine is Coming: Making Intelligent Choices. † Vital Speeches of the Day. 15 Mar. 2002:326.

Electronic marketing essay about How can the Internet and related

Electronic marketing about How can the Internet and related technologies assist organisations with creating customer value through personalisation and mass customisation - Essay Example Trial and error design is also a new tool in this case to check the user adaptability into a certain new product before getting it into the market in a fully fledged style. Normally the outcome is a perfectly designed product that gets appreciation from the users & consumers. The whole concept of mass customisation is that the users customise these products in their own ways. However; it is evident from this approach that if the user is not interested in the customisation of the certain product, then there is no need of customising it and pursuing through it. This essay will explain the relationship between the mass customisation strategies and the personalisation techniques which make up the basis for a customer to analyse the products in their own style and then help the companies make decisions regarding the empowerments and the use of technology. This actually empowers the customers to choose among different products by looking through them and feeling them in a way themselves, and making a selection through this process that leads to a successful product development in the market. This in turn influences the customers’ thinking patterns in terms of the product selection and then the right kind of product / item is chosen which brings along greater satisfaction and greater amount of self-motivation for the customers. And, also this way the customer take charge of what they are using by selection process. Personalisation concept was not implemented when it was first proposed almost thirty years back; however it is being applied now after so many years after the advent of IT and internet. Since the companies are using the internet more and more for their betterment and empowering the customers to make partial decisions on their behalves. Personalisation has recently become totally a part of ebusiness, as this concept indicates many things that the theorists and the practitioners would love to know about in

Prevention of medication errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prevention of medication errors - Essay Example Sources of error in the work environment like interruptions should be reduced. The program of quality improvement should be ongoing and systematic. It should be peer reviewed for safe medication use. Areas of responsibility and lines of authority in the hospital should be properly defined to order, administer, and dispense medication. Prescribers should be updated on the current state of knowledge to be able to determine the suitable drug therapy. Prescribers should evaluate the total status of the patient before prescribing further medications to determine appropriate drug interactions. Prescribers should avoid giving such vague directions as â€Å"take as directed† as particular instructions facilitate differentiation in the drugs. Prescribers should demonstrate exact strengths of dosage instead of specifying dosage form units. Pharmacists should personally provide nurses and prescribers with information regarding appropriate use of medications and therapeutic drug regiments. Pharmacists should not guess the confusing medication orders’ intent. The work area where drugs are prepared should be kept clean and ordered. Pharmacists should preview the design and content of the forms of preprinted medication order, and maintain records to identify the recipients of erroneous products. Clinical nurses’ educators should inculcate all the required skills in the students to help them deter all types of errors while prescribing medication (Warburton, 2010). Nurses practicing in the organized settings of health-care should be well-versed with the ordering of medication and the use of system. Identity of patients should be verified before the prescribed dose is administered. Personnel using the devices of medication administration should fully comprehend the possible causes of error and faults in operation. The patient-nurse ratio should be increased in each shift (Kim et al., 2011). Patients should not hide